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DailyTech – Scientists Discover Cloak of Plasma Around Earth.

Scientists have discovered something new in the Earth’s atmosphere described as a warm cloak of plasma. The feature is part of the Earth’s magnetosphere that is key to protecting the planet from solar wind and radiation. The only visible parts of the Earth’s magnetosphere are the aurora borealis and the aurora australis. While most people don’t think much about the magnetosphere, it can have an effect on our lives.

Professor of Physics Rick Chappell from Vanderbilt University told Space.com, “Although it is invisible, the magnetosphere has an impact on our everyday lives. For example, solar storms agitate the magnetosphere in ways that can induce power surges in the electrical grid that trigger black outs, interfere with radio transmissions and mess up GPS signals. Charged particles in the magnetosphere can also damage the electronics in satellites and affect the temperature and motion of the upper atmosphere.”

The new region was discovered after Chappell and other researchers pieced together what they call a “natural cycle of energization” that accelerates low-energy ions in the Earth’s atmosphere into the higher energy levels found in regions of the magnetosphere.

DailyTech – MIT’s DNA Wrapped Nanotubes Look to Fight Disease.

New nanotube design can detect toxins, free radicals, and damaging free radicals

Michael Strano, associate professor of chemical engineering and one of the study’s leaders describes, “We’ve made a sensor that can be placed in living cells, healthy or malignant, and actually detect several different classes of molecules that damage DNA.”

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DailyTech – New Methods Combines Lasers and Holograms for Nanoassembly

Laser and hologram method could also be useful for positioning molecules in labs-on-a-chip

When it comes to nanodevices, scientists have no problem cooking up interesting designs.  However, when it comes to actually assembling such machines on a nanoscale, it can be a daunting task.

A breakthrough from Purdue University offers up a new technique that may be extremely useful in such nanoassembly.  The new method uses lasers and holograms to position multiple nanoparticles within seconds, much faster than previously possible.  The method could also be very helpful to labs on the chip, which need to direct tiny molecules to tiny test locations.

The name for the new process — rapid electrokinetic patterning — is a bit overwhelming, but it’s an incredibly promising technology according to researcher Stuart J. Williams.  Mr. Williams, who is working with doctoral student Aloke Kumar and Steven T. Wereley, an associate professor of mechanical engineering, states, “It’s potentially a very versatile tool.”

DailyTech – Boeing ABL Fired Through its Beam Control Guidance System

Boeing has successfully fired the laser aboard the ABL aircraft through the onboard laser guidance system

The key to stopping missile attacks is to be able to target and destroy the missiles in the boost phase of their flight before they can reach the target and cause untold damage. The U.S. Missile Defense Agency has been testing the Airborne Laser (ABL) system for several years now.

Striking differences between brains of rich and poor.

A new study in the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience by researchers from the University of California, Berkeley, has shown for the first time that the brains of low-income children function differently from the brains of high-income kids. UC Berkeley’s Robert Knight says that normal 9 and 10-year-olds differing only in socioeconomic status have detectable differences in the response of their prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain that is critical for problem solving and creativity.

Previous studies have shown a possible link between frontal lobe function and behavioral differences in children from low and high socioeconomic levels, but this new study is the first to directly measure brain activity where there is no issue of task complexity

Respirocyte – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Respirocytes are hypothetical, artificial red blood cells that can supplement or replace the function of much of the human body’s normal respiratory system. Still entirely theoretical, respirocytes measure 1 micrometer in diameter. Respirocytes mimic the action of the natural hemoglobin-filled red blood cells. The design of the spherical nanorobot is made up of 18 billion atoms arranged as a tiny pressure tank. The tank can be filled up with oxygen and carbon dioxide, making one complete transfer point at the lungs, and the reverse transfer at the body’s tissues

Each respirocyte can store and transport 236 times more oxygen than natural red blood cells. It can also monitor carbon acidity in the cell. Filled with these respirocytes, an adult human could hold his/her breath underwater for four hours. That person could also sprint at top speed for at least 15 minutes without taking a breath.

BBC NEWS | Science & Environment | Black hole confirmed in Milky Way

There is a giant black hole at the centre of our galaxy, a 16-year study by German astronomers has confirmed.

They tracked the movement of 28 stars circling the centre of the Milky Way, using two telescopes in Chile.

The black hole, said to be 27,000 light years from Earth, is four million times bigger than the Sun, according to the paper in The Astrophysical Journal.

Carbon Dioxide Found On Extrasolar Planet – Space – redOrbit

NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope has discovered carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of a planet orbiting another star. This is an important step along the trail of finding the chemical biotracers of extraterrestrial life as we know it.

The Jupiter-sized planet, called HD 189733b, is too hot for life. But the Hubble observations are a proof-of-concept demonstration that the basic chemistry for life can be measured on planets orbiting other stars. Organic compounds can also be a by-product of life processes, and their detection on an Earth-like planet may someday provide the first evidence of life beyond Earth.

Previous observations of HD 189733b by Hubble and the Spitzer Space Telescope found water vapor. Earlier this year, Hubble astronomers reported that they found methane in the planet’s atmosphere.

“This is exciting because Hubble is allowing us to see molecules that probe the conditions, chemistry, and composition of atmospheres on other planets,” says Mark Swain of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. “Thanks to Hubble we’re entering an era where we are rapidly going to expand the number of molecules we know about on other planets.”

DailyTech – New Nanomagnets Can Sniff Out Magnetism, Make Nanomemory

Scientists develop new nanotube structures to act as mini-magnet detectors

The new process involves inserting cobalt nanoclusters between 1 nm and 10 nm into a single multi-walled carbon nanotube.  As the carbon nanotube is an excellent conductor, it is also sensitive to magnetic activity, such as that of the cobalt nanoclusters.  The result is a magnetic nanomaterial, which also can sense electrically other magnetic nanofields.

DailyTech – The Same Chip With Fewer Transistors; HP’s Memristor Changes Everything

HP’s new integral circuit component allows engineers to produce identical logic circuits using fewer transistors and less space

DailyTech – Glaciers in Norway Growing Again

Scandinavian nation reverses trend, mirrors results in Alaska, elsewhere.

DailyTech – Scientists Develop “Lightsaber” to Fight Cancer

The miniature device, just a few millimeters long extends a “lightsaber” laser beam.  The beam is so accurate it can target a single cell.  The device would be perfect for hard to reach cancers that typically have high fatality rates, such as cancer of the pancreas.  The little lightsaber can punch holes in cells surrounding the spot of a remove tumor, allowing chemo drugs to be selectively delivered to only the cells at risk.

The team currently has the light saber mounted on an optical fiber.  The team is now working on adapting it to endoscopes, tiny cameras used by doctors during routine medical procedures.  Putting the saber on the end of the camera, researchers could sneak a peak of the region and then go to work punching holes in cells as needed.